The use of bio-fibers in modern medical fields
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the textile industry and the high and new technology have formed a close relationship. With the aid of high technology, the textile industry has made great progress. At the same time, the modern textile industry actively researched and produced a batch of new materials with excellent properties, supporting the development of high technology. In the course of this development, new fibers have been widely used in the medical field, such as surgical dressings, artificial organs, replacement devices, prosthetic materials, drugs, health care, plastic surgery, cosmetology, diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, etc. Play an irreplaceable boost.
1. The requirements for the use of textile fibers as medical materials and their unique and excellent properties The so-called medical fiber materials refer to the general term for a class of textile fiber materials characterized by medical applications [1]. Medical material is a unique material that directly affects human life and health, so it should meet two requirements: 1 meet the requirements of disinfection resistance; 2 meet the requirements of biosafety. The use of textile fibers as medical materials has many advantages: 1 The surface area per unit volume is large, and the permeability and adsorption of substances can be fully utilized; 2 Lighter weight and better mechanical and physical properties; 3 It can be woven and knitted to make it It has subtle motion applicability in mechanical properties. In addition to the above advantages, biomedical fibers have biocompatibility, so they have been widely used in the medical field in recent years.
2. Types of Biofibers in the Medical Field 2.1 Chitin and Chitosan Fibers Chitin is a special type of cellulose that is rich in resources. The chitin is treated with concentrated alkali to remove the acetyl group, which can be made into a soluble substance called chitosan. They not only have good biocompatibility, are biodegradable, and are safe and non-toxic, but also have considerable biological activity as a natural alkaline polysaccharide. They are an extremely promising absorbable implant material [9] ].
Therefore, chitin has been widely used in the medical field: (1) It is used as absorbable surgical sutures. Chitin is mainly used in surgical operations such as digestive system surgery and orthopedic surgery that require internal suturing. (2) Used as a medical dressing. The biological dressing for burns made of chitin, anti-drug fluorogenic acid and porous support wound wound material has good biocompatibility, is not allergic, has excellent antibacterial effect, and has high moisture permeability and permeability. (3) used as artificial blood vessels. In 1996, the United States disclosed a world patent for artificial blood vessels made of chitin with an inner diameter of less than 6 mm, a smooth inner wall and no coagulation of blood cells to keep the lumen open. (4) Used as medical microcapsules. The cationic properties of chitin and the negatively charged polymer of carboxymethyl cellulose can produce different types of microcapsules, making it possible to culture high concentrations of cells. (5) used as a hemostatic agent and wound healing agent. In contrast to anticoagulant effects, certain derivatives of chitin have excellent blood clotting and promote wound healing. (6) For bone tissue repair. Chitin can act directly on the bone bud cells to promote its molecular derivation and bone mineral synthesis, thereby increasing the activity of alkaline phosphatase and accelerating the formation and repair of bone matrix [2-3].
2.2 Alginic acid fiber Alginic acid fiber is mainly composed of insoluble calcium alginate, which can be obtained through the most basic spinning process, that is, the sodium alginate alkaline concentrated solution is extruded through a spinneret and then sent to the acidic calcium ion. Coagulation bath.
Sodium alginate and calcium ions undergo ion exchange to form insoluble calcium alginate fibers, followed by a series of processes such as washing, stretching, and drying, and then can be made into gauze, bandages, etc. through a non-woven production process. [4- 5].
Alginate fiber has special biomedical properties: (1) as gauze, bandages. Since the alginate fiber has unique ion exchange properties, it can interact with the exudate of the wound to form a wet gel, which is conducive to wound healing. (2) As an antibacterial fiber. Alginate fiber is widely used to prepare antibacterial fibers because it has a carrier for the treatment of wounds. For example, alginate-containing silver fibers are popular because of their simple production.
2.3 Silk fibroin Fibrin fibers have long been used as surgical sutures. Silk fibroin fibers can be used as: (1) biosensors. The immobilization of the enzyme on the regenerated silk fibroin membrane is advantageous for delaying the inactivation of the enzyme and can be used for the development of a special biosensor. (2) Drug controlled release carriers. The regenerated silk fibroin film, which is applied with drugs, can control the release of drugs according to changes in the pH of the environment, and can be used as an intelligent drug-controlled release carrier for targeted treatment of specific parts of the human body. (3) Wound protection film. Silk fibroin membrane is used as a wound protection membrane due to its biocompatible properties [6].
2.4 Lyocell Cellulose Fiber Lyocell is generally produced by a direct cellulose dissolving process. Under specific conditions, cellulose is dissolved in a mixture of the cyclic tertiary amine oxide N-methylmorpholine 2-N-oxide and water. In this process, the pretreated pulp is mixed with NMMO in a continuous mixer and water, the cellulose is dissolved into a viscous solution, and the solution is filtered and then spun, and the cellulose is solidified in a filamentous state [7] ]. Lyocell cellulose fiber can be used as: (1) to make advanced bandages for treating chronic wounds (such as ulcers, burns, etc.). Because it can be contacted with wound exudate to form a gel, providing a non-adhesive wetting environment, and high absorption, absorption can be up to 35 times its own weight, forming a gel with good continuity, which is easy to complete Removal of the tablets facilitates the replacement of bandages and avoids damage to the growth of new tissues. (2) Surgical suits and other disposable medical supplies can be made in the form of woven, knitted, and non-woven fabrics. It is sterile, dust-free and resistant to sterilisation. In addition, it is also bacteriostatic and comfortable.
3. Conclusion In industrial textiles, the proportion of textiles used in the medical field is small, but they are high-tech products [8]. In the current sluggish state of the textile industry, the world's major fiber manufacturers should rely on the development of new varieties to increase production efficiency. It is believed that in the coming period, the application of new fibers in the medical field will become more and more extensive, and further promote the advancement of medicine.
1. The requirements for the use of textile fibers as medical materials and their unique and excellent properties The so-called medical fiber materials refer to the general term for a class of textile fiber materials characterized by medical applications [1]. Medical material is a unique material that directly affects human life and health, so it should meet two requirements: 1 meet the requirements of disinfection resistance; 2 meet the requirements of biosafety. The use of textile fibers as medical materials has many advantages: 1 The surface area per unit volume is large, and the permeability and adsorption of substances can be fully utilized; 2 Lighter weight and better mechanical and physical properties; 3 It can be woven and knitted to make it It has subtle motion applicability in mechanical properties. In addition to the above advantages, biomedical fibers have biocompatibility, so they have been widely used in the medical field in recent years.
2. Types of Biofibers in the Medical Field 2.1 Chitin and Chitosan Fibers Chitin is a special type of cellulose that is rich in resources. The chitin is treated with concentrated alkali to remove the acetyl group, which can be made into a soluble substance called chitosan. They not only have good biocompatibility, are biodegradable, and are safe and non-toxic, but also have considerable biological activity as a natural alkaline polysaccharide. They are an extremely promising absorbable implant material [9] ].
Therefore, chitin has been widely used in the medical field: (1) It is used as absorbable surgical sutures. Chitin is mainly used in surgical operations such as digestive system surgery and orthopedic surgery that require internal suturing. (2) Used as a medical dressing. The biological dressing for burns made of chitin, anti-drug fluorogenic acid and porous support wound wound material has good biocompatibility, is not allergic, has excellent antibacterial effect, and has high moisture permeability and permeability. (3) used as artificial blood vessels. In 1996, the United States disclosed a world patent for artificial blood vessels made of chitin with an inner diameter of less than 6 mm, a smooth inner wall and no coagulation of blood cells to keep the lumen open. (4) Used as medical microcapsules. The cationic properties of chitin and the negatively charged polymer of carboxymethyl cellulose can produce different types of microcapsules, making it possible to culture high concentrations of cells. (5) used as a hemostatic agent and wound healing agent. In contrast to anticoagulant effects, certain derivatives of chitin have excellent blood clotting and promote wound healing. (6) For bone tissue repair. Chitin can act directly on the bone bud cells to promote its molecular derivation and bone mineral synthesis, thereby increasing the activity of alkaline phosphatase and accelerating the formation and repair of bone matrix [2-3].
2.2 Alginic acid fiber Alginic acid fiber is mainly composed of insoluble calcium alginate, which can be obtained through the most basic spinning process, that is, the sodium alginate alkaline concentrated solution is extruded through a spinneret and then sent to the acidic calcium ion. Coagulation bath.
Sodium alginate and calcium ions undergo ion exchange to form insoluble calcium alginate fibers, followed by a series of processes such as washing, stretching, and drying, and then can be made into gauze, bandages, etc. through a non-woven production process. [4- 5].
Alginate fiber has special biomedical properties: (1) as gauze, bandages. Since the alginate fiber has unique ion exchange properties, it can interact with the exudate of the wound to form a wet gel, which is conducive to wound healing. (2) As an antibacterial fiber. Alginate fiber is widely used to prepare antibacterial fibers because it has a carrier for the treatment of wounds. For example, alginate-containing silver fibers are popular because of their simple production.
2.3 Silk fibroin Fibrin fibers have long been used as surgical sutures. Silk fibroin fibers can be used as: (1) biosensors. The immobilization of the enzyme on the regenerated silk fibroin membrane is advantageous for delaying the inactivation of the enzyme and can be used for the development of a special biosensor. (2) Drug controlled release carriers. The regenerated silk fibroin film, which is applied with drugs, can control the release of drugs according to changes in the pH of the environment, and can be used as an intelligent drug-controlled release carrier for targeted treatment of specific parts of the human body. (3) Wound protection film. Silk fibroin membrane is used as a wound protection membrane due to its biocompatible properties [6].
2.4 Lyocell Cellulose Fiber Lyocell is generally produced by a direct cellulose dissolving process. Under specific conditions, cellulose is dissolved in a mixture of the cyclic tertiary amine oxide N-methylmorpholine 2-N-oxide and water. In this process, the pretreated pulp is mixed with NMMO in a continuous mixer and water, the cellulose is dissolved into a viscous solution, and the solution is filtered and then spun, and the cellulose is solidified in a filamentous state [7] ]. Lyocell cellulose fiber can be used as: (1) to make advanced bandages for treating chronic wounds (such as ulcers, burns, etc.). Because it can be contacted with wound exudate to form a gel, providing a non-adhesive wetting environment, and high absorption, absorption can be up to 35 times its own weight, forming a gel with good continuity, which is easy to complete Removal of the tablets facilitates the replacement of bandages and avoids damage to the growth of new tissues. (2) Surgical suits and other disposable medical supplies can be made in the form of woven, knitted, and non-woven fabrics. It is sterile, dust-free and resistant to sterilisation. In addition, it is also bacteriostatic and comfortable.
3. Conclusion In industrial textiles, the proportion of textiles used in the medical field is small, but they are high-tech products [8]. In the current sluggish state of the textile industry, the world's major fiber manufacturers should rely on the development of new varieties to increase production efficiency. It is believed that in the coming period, the application of new fibers in the medical field will become more and more extensive, and further promote the advancement of medicine.
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