The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Decade: "The Locomotive" Creates a Plateau Miracle

In the past 10 years, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been operating safely for more than 3,000 days; the total economic output of Tibet has doubled, and the regional GDP has maintained a growth rate of more than double digits. In 2015, it exceeded the 100 billion mark, four times before the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway; Qinghai Province GDP also increased from 64.105 billion yuan in 2005 to 241.75 billion yuan in 2015, nearly four times that before the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

Wen|"Xiaokang" reporter Eç’  Liu Jianhua reported in Jingyuan Beijing, Xining, Lhasa

In the entire compartment, all the people stood up in excitement. The people who "grabbed" the soft sleeper tickets were not willing to rest in the bunk. People who met and did not know were gathered in every big window. Before, remind each other "Look"! "On there!"

Outside the window, dozens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers are not seen, but you can see that the thick wild yaks are gathered in a group of lawns, burying their heads peacefully, they seem to have gotten used to the trains, passing by. The "big behemoths" with sounds turned a blind eye; or the Tibetan wild ass were more naughty, they formed a "one team", racing and racing with the train; the Tibetan gazelle that loved "showing" more than Tibetan wild ass Very timid, if you see the beating heart-shaped "white ass" through the window, it must be a cute Tibetan gazelle; in addition to these "plateau elves", the end of the eyes, the rolling snow-capped mountains shine in the sun With the golden light, nature unfolds the beautiful picture of high-value values ​​here. At this moment, all people need to do is press the shutter.

During the conversation, people holding various cameras and equipment such as cameras, mobile phones, and camcorders kept pressing the shutters. They stared out the window and tried to put all the beauty into the camera, tirelessly. Passion and enthusiasm lasted for hours...

Such a scene, I am afraid, can only be seen on a railway line in China. Its name is Qinghai-Tibet Railway. However, people are more accustomed to calling it "the road".

In 1923, the famous French female explorer and Tibetan scholar David Nair, who was dressed as a pilgrim and walked through the sacred Gobi, grassland and desert between the Central Plains and Tibet, faced an inexhaustible investigation. Rejected, could not help but assert that there will be a day in the future, the express train across Asia will transport passengers sitting in the very comfortable luxury train compartment.

After 83 years, this day, really came!

13 hours and 5 years of 1142 kilometers

On July 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest altitude railway with the longest route in the world, was opened to traffic. The history of Tibet's impassable trains was completely rewritten on this day. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic in Golmud City and Tibet in Qinghai Province. The two cities of Lhasa, the autonomous region, were held simultaneously.

On the platform of the Golmud Railway Station, the plateau train specially designed and manufactured for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is ready to go. At about 11 o'clock, along with a long whistle, Golmud to Lhasa's first passenger train "Qing 1", carrying more than 600 labor model representatives, representatives of all walks of life and ordinary passengers, slowly drove out of Golmud Station.

At the same time, in front of the newly built Lhasa Railway Station, a brand new train "Tibetan 2" sounded a whistle. The two trains are separated by 7 minutes, and the trains entering and leaving Tibet are launched. Watching the trains that are far away, the herdsmen who rushed from Naqu in northern Tibet to Lhasa said: "From horseback riding, by car to train, the dreams of the ancestors for thousands of years have not been realized in my generation."

At 12:40, the "Qing 1" train entering the Tibet was passed through the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel; at 13:20, the Qingshui River Bridge was over.

At 17:38, the "Tibet 2" train that first appeared in Tibet steadily passed through the highest point of the world railway at an altitude of 5072 meters at a speed of 84 kilometers per hour. "Tangula, a place where even animals are difficult to survive, trains can pass, it is a miracle." Tibetan traveler Zabawangda praised.

At 18:05, the "Qing 1" and "Zang 2" were "passing by" at the Buqiangge station, each rushing to the destination.

At 13:00, the "Tibet 2" passenger train arrived safely in Golmud after 13 hours and 01 minutes. After 18 minutes, the "Qing 1" train also arrived in Lhasa smoothly, which lasted 13 hours and 16 minutes. .

In stark contrast to the only 13-hour period, the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was finally completed after more than 100,000 railway builders lasted five years of hard work.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a total length of 1,956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa, of which 814 kilometers from Xining to Geermu was laid in 1979 and officially put into operation in 1984. The Golmud to Lhasa section, which was started on June 29, 2001, is 1,142 kilometers long. It is taken from the Golmud Railway Station in the western town of Qinghai Province. After passing through the Nanshan Pass, it passes through the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, passing through Nachitai, Wudaoliang and Handan. Luohe and Yanshiping climbed over the Tanggula Mountain into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then passed through Anduo, Naqu, Dangxiong and Yangbajing to Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The route is basically parallel with the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.

The highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 5072 meters above sea level, and about 960 kilometers above 4000 meters. After 550 kilometers of continuous frozen land, it passes through a 9-degree seismic intensity zone of 216 kilometers.

Unlike David Nair's assertion, most people are not optimistic about building a railway at a high altitude. American train traveler Paul Tailu once said: "With the Kunlun Mountains, the railway will never reach Lhasa." Western media also generally believe that Tibet has no way to repair the railway, because there are 5,000-meter-high mountains to climb over, 12 The kilometer-wide river valley is to be bridged, and there are thousands of kilometers of ice and snow that are impossible to support railroad tracks and trains. How can a person dig a tunnel in the -30 ° C climate, or bridge the rail where the oxygen cylinder is needed?

Despite the challenges of the three world-wide problems of “permafrost, ecological fragility, and high altitude hypoxia”, the Chinese’s determination to repair the railway to Tibet’s “closest to the sky” has never changed. Although the construction of the railway has gone through all the hardships, the scenery along the railway after the completion of the railway is beautiful.

The journey of the road - the world famous plateau gold tourist route

"It is easy to go abroad to enter Tibet." This is a true portrayal of Tibet's transportation environment. In 2005, even if it was a discount, the round-trip ticket from Beijing to Lhasa would cost more than 4,000 yuan.

Tianjin girl Lin Hua has always wanted to round her dream of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. When she graduated from graduate school in 2005, she came to a trip that was both tangled and distressed. She first arrived in Xining from Tianjin and spent 160 yuan to buy a train ticket from Xining to Golmud. However, after Golmud, she made a difficult trip. There are only two choices from Golmud to Lhasa. They can either take a long-distance bus or take a taxi. Finally, after some entanglement, with the help and companionship of two local friends, the three rented a car and set off to the "Holy City" in mind. "I still remember that from Golmud to Lhasa, I spent a thousand dollars on a one-way trip and had to solve the driver's meal problem." Lin Hua recalled that she was very distressed when she was not working.

Tibet's natural scenery and customs are unparalleled in the world, and it is one of the holy places that many tourists yearn for. However, the cost of expensive travel has caused many people to “deteriorate”. This is one of the reasons why there is always a major breakthrough in the number of tourists entering Tibet. In July 2006, the entire line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to make the “luxury” Tibet tour “easy” and “close to the people”. It only took a few hundred yuan to buy train tickets, and more importantly, sitting. When the train goes to Lhasa, you can not only enjoy the scenery on the train, but also gradually adapt to the plateau climate and mitigate the altitude sickness.

“After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the number of people coming to the plateau has increased significantly.” Yang, who is doing business in Barkhor Street, said that tourism development in Tibet has become more prosperous in recent years, and his income has been increasing. Although it is not big, in the tourist season, the monthly income can exceed 10,000.

Statistics from the Tourism Development Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region show that in 2015, Tibet received 20.18 million domestic and foreign tourists, and tourism revenue was 28.2 billion yuan, 11 times and 15 times higher than before the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway not only drastically increased the number of tourists in the Tibet Autonomous Region, but also gave birth to the tourism fever in Qinghai Province. According to the statistics of the relevant departments in September 2006, from July to August of that year, the number of tourists in the province's premier scenic spots and historic sites, Ta'er Temple, reached 283,000. Domestic tourists in Gansu, Beijing, Guangdong and Sichuan accounted for a large proportion, while foreign tourists were mostly in Japan and South Korea, achieving a tourism income of 37 million yuan, an increase of 31% and 48% respectively over the same period of the previous year, both hitting record highs. According to the analysis of experts, the main reason for the tourism peak was the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. After the opening of this route, many Tibetans at home and abroad used Qinghai as a tourist transfer station. Public reports in the media show that in 2005, Qinghai tourism "running", the province's tourism reception achieved a breakthrough of 6 million people; in 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic, the number of domestic and foreign tourists reached 8,456,600; In the ninth year of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Qinghai Province received a total of 23.154 million domestic and foreign tourists, nearly three times that of 2006.

The railway also integrated the three capitals of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, in the western part of Qinghai Province, the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the three cities of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, into a whole, forming Lake Koruk, Tosu Lake, and Ya Dan Ge, Kunlun Culture, Sanjiangyuan, Hoh Xil, Salt Lake, Yuzhufeng and Tanggula Mountain are the core contents of the Ringel Wood Tourism Circle and the Lhasa Tourism Circle. For the significance of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the expert's interpretation is: not only connecting the "Silk Road" in the northwest with the Potala Palace, but also becoming the new golden tourism hotline in western China. More importantly, since then, Tibet has visited 600,749. Realize the connection with the national tourism market and accelerate the formation of the large Shangri-La circular tourist route in western China.

The "Overall Plan for Tourism Development along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway" compiled by the National Tourism Administration shows that by 2020, the National Tourism Administration will focus on building "the Tibetan buddhism", the "roof of the world", the "plateau city" and the "snowy style" and " The five-plateau theme tour of Tianlu Express. According to the plan, the tourism department will focus on building the top ten tourist areas of Qinghai Lake, Taer Temple, Kunlun Mountain, Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan, Tanggula, Qiangtang Grassland Mystery Collector, Nam Co, Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple; Lhasa Museum Art Museum, Folk Culture Village, Nature Park, Festival Activities, Adventure Tourism Base and Landscape Station.

On July 1 last year, on the 9th anniversary of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the Qinghai Provincial Tourism Bureau led the tourism promotion alliance along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway jointly sponsored by 17 provinces (districts, municipalities) including Tibet, Beijing and Shanghai. Officially established. Representatives from the tourism departments of 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) said that they will strengthen regional integration and cooperation, and use the "Beautiful China·Tianlu Journey" as a link to jointly build a Beijing-Lhasa religious culture tour, Shanghai to Lhasa. Five international tourism routes, such as Jianghe Siyuan Tour, Guangzhou to Lhasa Green Ecology Tour, Chongqing (Chengdu) to Lhasa·Western Style Tour, and Xining (Lanzhou) to Lhasa Magical Road Tour.

Xu Hao, director of the Qinghai Provincial Tourism Bureau, said that along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the ecological resources are rich, the historical national culture is splendid, and the natural and human landscapes are unique. It is the world's famous plateau gold tourism route. After the establishment of the tourism promotion alliance along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway In accordance with the principles of resource sharing, market promotion, image promotion, responsibility sharing, and benefit-winning, we will jointly promote tourism exchanges and cooperation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and jointly build an overall tourism brand image to make more tourists feel at home and abroad. The charm of the beautiful China·Tianlu Tour.”

Plateau train: accompany you to enter Tibet Road

To create a golden tourist route on the plateau, it is naturally inseparable from first-class hardware facilities and excellent service quality.

The design of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway train fully reflects the people-oriented concept. Take the case of drinking water. For example, the altitude of the plateau is low. The boiling point of hot water in the Qinghai-Tibet train is only 70 to 80 degrees. In order to ensure that the relatively low temperature drinking hot water does not make passengers have trouble, the hot water devices in the train are With UV anti-virus function.

On June 13 this year, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the "Xiaokang" reporter boarded the Z21 train from Beijing to Lhasa; four days later, the Z6802 train took Lhasa to Xining.

Whether it is the Z21 train of the Shenyang Railway Bureau and the Z6802 train of the value of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, the oxygen supply device capable of dispersing oxygen and distributed oxygen is provided, and the oxygen system is introduced into the reservoir. Starting from Golmud Station, the oxygen concentration at the exit of the system can reach 50%, which is equivalent to reducing the altitude of the train by more than 1000 meters. If the passengers still can't get used to it, there is an oxygen supply next to each person's seat and bed.

At 5 o'clock on the afternoon of June 14, the Z21 train that was accompanied by the reporter of Xiaokang had just left Xining Station, and the conductor issued the “Highland Travel Tips” and “DRY-type Oxygen Pipes” for everyone, and reminded passengers of the symptoms. Not suitable for the plateau, but also requires each passenger entering and leaving to fill out the "Personal Health Registration Card". At 10:15 pm, the train arrived at Golmud. Wang Xuemei, a doctor at the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Medical Service Office of the Second People's Hospital of Golmud City, and nurse Yang Hongling got on the bus and began to provide medical services to passengers. Every time I carry out medical services with the car, two young girls under the age of 30 are going to set off in the night with a medical oxygen bottle weighing more than ten kilograms and a medicine box containing more than 50 medicines. The trains are flying fast. As the angels of white clothes, they are busy at the altitude of 3000 to 5072 meters. They use the unimaginable pay of ordinary people to ensure the safety of the visitors. According to Wang Xuemei, at the beginning of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Medical Service Office of the Second People's Hospital of Golmud City was established. Every day, at least 10 people in their team rushed to the trains.

At 8:50 on June 17th, the Z6802 train just left the Lhasa Railway Station. Yang Xiaomeng, the train leader of the fifth group of the Lhasa team of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, began to be busy in the various compartments. In the No. 6 compartment, the conductor Guo Yan just selected two young “Train Service Quality Supervisors” in the compartment she served. She hung the big red and white big sign on the opposite side of the two passenger shops. By the window, ask them to supervise her service. According to Yang Xiaomeng and Guo Yan, this initiative has been implemented on the “high-altitude train” since the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on July 1st, ten years ago, and has been adhering to the ten-year service. Not only this one.

Guo Yan took out a red little heart with the words "I love you" in three golden yellow letters. She told the "Xiaokang" reporter that this is for the key passengers in the car, such as the old, weak, sick and pregnant. This little heart will not look at the blue curtains opposite these key passenger shops, it looks very eye-catching, and it is convenient for the crew on the train to take care of them.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, which has been riding this train, has been approved by the State Council since 2002 and is fully responsible for the construction and operation management of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The 30-year-old Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company’s Xining Passenger Transport Section Lhasa Team’s fifth baggage group, Li Pei He has been working on this line since 2006. Although he does not need to deal with passengers frequently, he has high requirements for carefulness and meticulousness. "Ten years, I feel very fast and I feel very slow. Ten years has made a hairy boy grow up to be a responsible man. The scenes that just went to work ten years ago are still vivid, but in the blink of an eye, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has experienced ten years of wind and rain baptism. A text entitled "The Days I Walked with the Qinghai-Tibet Railway" told reporters that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 1,956 kilometers long. He and his colleagues often feel that "the mileage of the cars in these years can add up. The earth is a few laps."

Large artery-driven GDP

At 12:30 on June 15th, the Z21 train arrived at its destination, Lhasa, after 40 hours and 30 minutes. In the next day, at the Lhasa Railway Station, the reporter of "Xiaokang" saw a staff member who served the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in another way - Slang Dolma, Party Secretary of the Lhasa Railway Station Passenger Transport Workshop.

In 1981, Slang Doma was born in a poor herder family in Jialang Village, Zuogong County, Qamdo, Tibet. At the age of 11 years, Zuogong County Primary School responded to the state's support policy for Tibetan education. For the first time, it enrolled students in the remote Jialang Village. Slang Dolma was fortunately admitted. In the following 14 years, Slang Douma experienced several "long-distance trekking". She was in junior high school in Yueyang, Hunan, and went to high school in Beijing. The university ran to Sichuan and studied at the Railway Transportation Department of the Southeast Jiaotong University Emei Campus. In May 2006, Slang Doma and 38 Tibetan students who had not completed their graduation thesis received a notice from the Lhasa Railway Station of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. They heard that they would serve the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is about to be open to traffic. Packing things, on June 6th, I took a trial operation from Xining to Lhasa. In the memory of Slang Dolma, the Lhasa Railway Station was not completely completed at the time, and it seemed to be "desolate."

Since the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is known as the “Tianlu Road”, the Lhasa Railway Station, which was opened on the same day as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, was also affectionately known as the “Tianlu Station”. In the past ten years, she has been a stationer, a ticket seller, or a plan administrator. She has become the norm of Slang Doma's work. She has been praised as "Enthusiastic Ajia (Sister)".

At the beginning of the construction of the Lhasa Railway Station, in order to better serve the passengers entering and leaving Tibet, the colorful Hada Passenger Service Center came into being.

The white Hada, the colored safety knot, is quietly and neatly placed on the countertop of the colorful Hada Passenger Service Center, bringing the blessing of peace to every passenger who needs help.

The colorful Hada Passenger Service Center is the best “helper” for passengers. It focuses on passenger green service card, oxygen bottle, medicine box, wheelchair, sewing box, Tibet travel magazine... It provides the most frequently needed services for passengers. The old, weak and sick are the most important help for the colorful Hada Passenger Service Center.

"Colorful Hada" is a multicolored service. White Hada, representing honest service; Red Hada, representing warm service; Yellow Hada, representing fine service; Blue Hada, representing clean service; Green Hada, representing convenient service. In the name of the most auspicious and grand Hada, it reflects the sincerity of Lhasa Railway Station to travelers from all over the world. Nowadays, from the pit stop to the ticket office, from the security checkpoint to the waiting room, you can see the “colored Hada” figure, and the story of their troubles for passengers is also widely spread on the Qinghai-Tibet line.

In the past 10 years, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been operating safely for more than 3,000 days. According to the data provided by the Party Office of Lhasa Railway Station to Xiaokang magazine, as of June 15 this year, the number of passengers sent has reached 9.594 million, and the total number of passengers reached 10.03 million. The total volume of goods sent was 3.985 million tons. A total of 24.39 million tons.

On the occasion of the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress wrote a passage in the article "Dance of Heaven and Snow Mountain Dance": I am a native Tibetan cadre, from the heart of my heart. I feel that this is a road of national unity that connects Beijing and Lhasa. This is a road to happiness for the Tibetan people and the people of the whole country. This is a golden road to promote the leap-forward development of the Tibetan economy. This is a driving force. The people of all ethnic groups in Tibet are heading for a rich and rich road. This is a strong barrier to strengthening the southwest border defense of the motherland. It is for this reason that the Tibetan people call the Qinghai-Tibet Railway "the road of heaven", which means that it is like a plateau rainbow, dancing with snow-capped mountains and blue sky, is a "sky road" to happiness.

Ten years later, the Tibet Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission and the Autonomous Region Railway Construction and Operation Leading Group Office issued the "Report on the Economic and Social Development of Tibet in the Ten Years of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Operation": Since the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006, Ten During the year, the total economic output of Tibet doubled, and the regional GDP maintained a growth rate of more than double digits. In 2015, it broke through the 100 billion mark, reached 102.639 billion yuan, an increase of 11%, and the growth rate ranked first in the country. Before the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway 4 times.

Nearly 30 high-altitude trains run on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway every day, and the daily average of inbound and outbound tourists reaches 0.91 million. Every day, large quantities of goods such as food, building materials and refined oil from all over the country are continuously transported into Tibet, and nearly 1,000 tons of Tibetan special products. The “sit on” train was transported out of the plateau, which promoted the economic and social development of Tibet and the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups.

Li Weidong, an associate professor at the School of Economics and Management of Beijing Jiaotong University, used the grey forecast and the “with or without contrast” method to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway operation on Tibet's economic development. It can be seen from the research results of Li Weidong that the impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway operation on Tibet's economic growth is very significant. The annual average contribution rate of regional GDP is nearly 8.1%, and the contribution rate in most years is 8%-10%. From the perspective of freight turnover, the average gross domestic product will increase by 2.96 yuan for every 1 ton/km of cargo added. According to the current railway freight transport cost of 0.1451 yuan (ton / km), for every 1 yuan increase in railway freight transport revenue, it will bring 20 yuan of GDP growth.

From 2005 to 2015, the GDP of Qinghai Province also increased from 64.105 billion yuan to 241.75 billion yuan, nearly four times that before the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also changed the city of Golmud, which used to be the Gobi Desert. Now it has become an important hub for Qinghai and Tibet, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has brought about a significant change in the urban function of Golmud. It has gradually become an important tourist city in western China, and the tourism industry is becoming one of the pillar industries of the city. Since the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, Golmud City has set up a comprehensive tourism center with a goal to establish a perfect tourism resource for effective development, rational use, and scientific management system, so that Golmud will move from an important regional tourism important node to mature western China. The famous plateau featured tourist destination city transformation.

As the main artery of the national economy, the railway not only carries the expectations of the people's livelihood, but also is an important support for the sustained, stable and healthy development of the economy. At the National People's Congress this year, the "13th Five-Year Plan" outlines the Sichuan-Tibet Railway as a key project of the "13th Five-Year Plan", which means that the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway is on the agenda. After the completion of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the running time from Chengdu to Lhasa will be shortened from the current 48 hours to around 13 hours.

In the near future, after the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the second entry into the Tibet "Tianlu" will continue to "turn over the mountains and send peace to the snowy plateau." In the future, there will be more “sky roads” and “take us into the paradise on earth”.

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330.9 billion yuan

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Geermu-Lhasa section originally planned a total investment of 26.21 billion yuan. In June 2005, according to the actual conditions of the project construction, the State Council approved an adjustment of 33.09 billion yuan, of which environmental protection investment was 1.54 billion yuan, which is used for environmental protection investment in individual projects around the world. The amount is quite rare.

4 times

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, there were 4,624 professional cooperative economic organizations of Tibetan farmers and herdsmen, and the industrialized operation rate of farmers and herdsmen reached 40%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 8,244 yuan, which was at the highest level in history and was open to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. At the same time, the economic structure of Tibet has been optimized. The proportion of the total output of the economy has dropped to 9.4%, and the proportion of the second production has increased to 36.6%.

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